Venezuelan Doctors Working in Chile: The impact of the adaptations of migrant doctors on patient care

Katherine Jennings, University of Notre Dame

Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Venezuelan migrant doctors have provided much-needed relief for the Chilean Healthcare system due to Chile’s physician shortage. The political and economic situation in Venezuela has caused many people to flee to surrounding countries, this includes many doctors. Chile has received many migrants because of its economic stability. In this migration process, doctors must undergo many adaptations to the new environment. These doctors have gone through many cultural and professional adaptations as working for the Chilean healthcare system. So, 17 in-depth interviews were conducted with Venezuelan doctors working in Santiago, Chile and surrounding rural areas, in order to understand these adaptations to the new environment as Venezuelan migrant doctors and their impact on patient care. From these interviews, there were three main conclusions. First, the Venezuelan system has taught them to have more patient-focused care in comparison to an outcome focus. Second, the Chilean public healthcare system lacks Chilean doctors and migrant doctors fill this void, especially after and during the pandemic. Thirdly, Chile still has many barriers for these doctors, specifically the Eunacom. which causes the doctors too much time and stress to study without pay for months. The impact of the Venezuelan doctors can help in policies and decisions in the Chilean healthcare system.

Central American and Mexican migrant women in the border shelter of Tijuana "Don Bosco". Between the fear, the difficulties of motherhood, the unemployment, and their meeting with security agents in Mexico

Paola Alvarez Capetillo, Nisa Mariel Valencia, Mildred Cedillo, y María Fernanda Osario, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla

Abstract
The migrants who sought to reach the United States in 2022, accounted for by the volume of arrests in that country, constituted 2.3 million (CBP, 2022). The demographic composition indicated that 70% were single adults; 24%, family units; and 6%, unaccompanied minors.

The hardships of migrating without legal documentation and the dangers of crossing the border have brought an overflow of immigrants to the Mexico-United States border. These people are waiting for the opportunity to apply for asylum or reorganize their migration strategy in order to cross the border. The shelters have been established as spaces in which they can live in; it is estimated that they allocate around 50,000 immigrants (REDODEM, 2022). The purpose of this research paper is to show the situation of Central American and Mexican migrant women who live in the “Don Bosco” shelter in the border city of Tijuana. The information collected by a team of students through in-person interviews in May 2022 presents five characteristics that define the women’s migration situation: living in fear, support from shelters to preserve their health during critical months of the COVID-19 pandemic, facing difficulties when trying to exercise motherhood with their children whom they migrated with, frustration due to unemployment, and relationships with security agents in Mexico. Additionally, this research aims to show the economic impact of the pandemic by demonstrating how it impoverished the women’s families in their places of origin and forced people to migrate from sectors that do not usually move.

La migración de los venezolanos en tránsito por México. Un análisis empleando información obtenida en albergues de migrantes del estado de Puebla

Ana Paola Delgado Tallabs, Michelle Alejandra Vélez Muñiz, Julio César Blanco Bautista, Ivana Morelia Justo Juárez, Hiram Ali Utrera Marin, y Alejandro Vargas Osorio, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla

Abstract
En los últimos cuatro años, según información del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados han salido de su país 6 millones de venezolanos, y el Department of Homeland Security de Estados Unidos señaló que durante 2017 y 2018 ingresaron 310,000 venezolanos sin documentos a ese país. La migración de venezolanos que transitan por México con propósito de llegar al país ubicado inmediatamente al norte, se ha sumado a los desplazamientos de centroamericanos que hemos observado durante el siglo XXI. En esta investigación abordamos algunos aspectos del complejo desplazamiento de los venezolanos en tránsito por México y su encuentro con las instituciones de seguridad. Empleando información cualitativa obtenida a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas en refugios del estado de Puebla, México, donde los migrantes reciben ayuda, mostramos la violación a los derechos humanos de los migrantes venezolanos por parte de los agentes de seguridad mexicanos ya que los tratan de forma violenta y no les dan a conocer sus derechos al entrar a México, específicamente la posibilidad de obtener la Tarjeta de Visitante por Razones Humanitarias que permite permanecer en territorio mexicano por un año. Además, exponemos el deterioro de las relaciones entre los albergues de migrantes y los gobiernos locales y estatales, así como la necesidad de programas locales que incidan en la concordia de los contextos de tránsito de los migrantes.